Adequate exercise is a fundamental welfare need for dogs and many other companion animals, and its deprivation causes both physical and psychological harm.
Exercise is not a luxury but a biological necessity for most companion animals. Dogs deprived of exercise develop obesity, joint disease, cardiovascular problems, and behavioral disorders. Behavioral problems from under-exercise — destructive chewing, excessive barking, aggression — are among the most common reasons for surrendering dogs to shelters. Adequate exercise also supports mental health by reducing anxiety and providing cognitive stimulation through environmental exploration. Breed-appropriate exercise must be provided throughout the animal life, not just in youth.