Aquaculture

Farmed Fish Anaesthesia: Welfare Applications and Gaps

Review of anaesthesia use in farmed fish, from handling to slaughter, and welfare implications.

Key Facts

MS-222 and clove oil are most used fish anaesthetics in aquaculture
Anaesthesia reduces stress during crowding, grading, and vaccination
Pre-slaughter anaesthesia not yet routine in most fish farming operations
Research on optimal anaesthesia protocols expanding but unevenly adopted
Regulatory frameworks for fish anaesthesia vary significantly by country

Welfare Considerations

Fish anaesthesia represents a significant welfare opportunity in aquaculture that remains underutilised. Evidence shows that anaesthesia substantially reduces stress responses during routine husbandry and slaughter. The gap between research evidence and routine practice is wide, particularly for pre-slaughter stunning. Regulatory requirements, cost, and logistics are key barriers to adoption.

What You Can Do

Support organisations advocating for mandatory fish anaesthesia standards
Choose aquaculture products from certified higher-welfare sources
Advocate for research funding on practical fish anaesthesia systems