Overview of welfare challenges and best practices for primates in sanctuary and research settings.
Captive primate welfare in 2026 is shaped by declining research use in some countries, growing sanctuary populations, and improving husbandry practices. Primates have complex cognitive, social, and environmental needs that are difficult to meet in captive settings. Best practice includes social housing, complex enrichment, and positive reinforcement training. Sanctuary standards continue to improve but capacity remains a challenge.