Overview of animal welfare in international trade agreements and policy coherence challenges.
Animal welfare in trade policy requires ensuring that market access for lower-welfare products does not undermine domestic welfare standards achieved through regulation and consumer pressure. Post-Brexit UK trade deals have faced intense scrutiny over animal welfare conditionality. EU trade policy is developing more robust welfare conditionality requirements. Consumer campaign focus on trade welfare issues has increased. Policy coherence between domestic welfare ambition and trade openness is a key advocacy challenge.