Overview of breeding approaches to improve layer hen bone strength and reduce keel bone fractures.
Layer hen keel bone fracture welfare is a major and largely unresolved welfare challenge affecting millions of birds. Genetic variation in bone strength provides opportunities for breeding-based welfare improvement. Research programmes are identifying genetic markers for keel bone integrity that can be incorporated into selection. Nutritional management, housing design, and exercise access interact with genetics in determining bone health outcomes. Progress requires both breeding and management approaches working together.