Overview of respiratory disease welfare in poultry and evidence-based prevention approaches.
Poultry respiratory disease welfare requires prevention-focused management through biosecurity, vaccination, and air quality control. Mycoplasma and infectious bronchitis cause welfare compromise through respiratory discomfort, reduced feed intake, and mortality. Biosecurity practices that prevent pathogen introduction are more welfare-positive than disease management after introduction. Vaccination provides welfare protection against key respiratory pathogens. Air quality management through ventilation affects chronic respiratory welfare.