UK Wildlife

Ruff Lek Breeding and Decline

The ruff is a remarkable wader where males display at traditional leks in elaborate ornamental plumage, once common in UK wetlands but now almost extinct as a breeding bird.

Key Facts

Male ruffs have elaborate ornamental plumage varying between individuals for lek display
UK breeding population declined from hundreds to fewer than 10 pairs in recent decades
Females are smaller and called 'reeves' - significantly smaller than males
Large numbers pass through UK on migration and small numbers winter on estuaries
Historically persecuted for food - 'ruff and reeve' was a Victorian delicacy

Welfare Considerations

Ruff breeding extinction in the UK reflects the drainage of fenland breeding habitats and change in wet meadow management. RSPB fen restoration has attracted small numbers back. Maintaining extensive flooded grassland is essential for any recovery.

What You Can Do

Support RSPB fen restoration projects that may attract breeding ruffs
Visit wetland reserves to see lekking male ruffs on spring migration
Advocate for wet meadow and fen restoration in East Anglia