Animals in research institutions experience welfare impacts beyond formal experimental procedures, including housing conditions, transport, and the experience of facility life itself.
Research animal welfare extends far beyond the experimental protocols reviewed by ethics committees. The majority of research animal welfare is determined by housing conditions, daily care routines, noise and light environments, social group composition, and the cumulative stress of facility life. Ethics review typically focuses on experimental procedures rather than the housing conditions that determine an animal welfare for 23 hours of each day. A genuinely welfare-centered approach to research animal care requires the same rigor in housing and husbandry design that is applied to experimental design, recognizing that housing welfare affects both animal experience and research validity.