UK Wildlife

UK Seal Welfare and Disturbance

Grey and harbour seals are legally protected UK species with large populations, but face welfare threats from disturbance at haul-out and pupping sites, entanglement, and illegal killing.

Key Facts

UK hosts around 40% of the world's grey seal population with around 120,000 animals
Harbour seal has declined significantly in some regions, particularly around Orkney and Shetland
Pupping season disturbance causes mothers to abandon pups causing mortality
Entanglement in fishing gear causes drowning or debilitating injury
Illegal shooting of seals by fishermen occurs and is under-prosecuted

Welfare Considerations

Seal welfare at haul-out and pupping sites requires minimal disturbance through access codes and wardening. BDMLR and British Seal Sanctuary provide rescue and rehabilitation capacity. Illegal killing requires stronger enforcement. Boat-based seal watching with appropriate distances is compatible with welfare.

What You Can Do

Keep at least 100m from seals at haul-out sites and follow access guidance
Report seal disturbance, entanglement, or suspected illegal killing to BDMLR and police
Support BDMLR seal rescue and rehabilitation training and capacity