Farm Animals

Cattle Welfare: Recumbency and Downer Cow

Recumbent cattle unable to rise represent a welfare emergency requiring prompt assessment and intervention, with outcomes dependent on the underlying cause.

Key Facts

Hypocalcaemia (milk fever) is the most common cause of acute recumbency in dairy cows around calving
Downer cows that remain recumbent for more than 24 hours have significantly reduced recovery prospects
Appropriate flotation using water or sand-filled pits prevents pressure sores and compartment syndrome
Humane euthanasia should be considered promptly when recovery is not achievable

Welfare Considerations

Recumbent cattle experience muscle damage, pressure sores, and secondary complications with every hour they remain down. The welfare emergency of a downer cow requires rapid assessment, appropriate treatment of underlying causes, and conscientious supportive care. When recovery is not achievable, prompt euthanasia is a welfare imperative.

What You Can Do

Support cattle producers developing rapid response protocols for recumbent cattle
Advocate for downer cow welfare protocols to be included in farm welfare standards
Engage with veterinary organisations developing guidance on downer cow assessment and management