Feline infectious anemia caused by Mycoplasma haemofelis is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment significantly improve welfare outcomes.
Feline infectious anemia (FIA) causes acute welfare deterioration when severe. As red blood cell destruction outpaces production, tissue oxygen delivery falls. Affected cats become profoundly weak, breathe rapidly to compensate for reduced oxygen carrying capacity, lose appetite, and may collapse. Without treatment, severe anemia is fatal.
The immune-mediated component of FIA is a critical welfare consideration. The immune system attacks Mycoplasma-parasitized red blood cells but may also destroy unparasitized cells in the process. This means anemia can worsen even as antibiotic treatment begins to reduce Mycoplasma burden. Immunosuppressive therapy (prednisolone) alongside antibiotics addresses this component and improves welfare outcomes in severe cases.
Blood transfusion is welfare-critical when anemia is severe. Fresh whole blood or packed red cells can be life-saving bridges while antibiotic treatment takes effect. Recovery monitoring — including packed cell volume (PCV) measurement every 24-48 hours in severe cases — guides treatment decisions. Most cats recover well with appropriate treatment, though FIA may become a chronic carrier state.