Companion Animals

Toxoplasma gondii in Cats: Welfare and Public Health Considerations

Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that can cause serious illness in cats and humans, with cat welfare and public health both depending on good litter hygiene and veterinary awareness.

Key Facts

Cats are the definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii
Most cats contract it by eating infected prey such as mice or birds
Primary infection can cause fever, lethargy and eye inflammation in cats
Immunosuppressed cats can develop severe, sometimes fatal toxoplasmosis
Oocysts shed in faeces remain infectious for up to 18 months in soil
Approximately one-third of the global human population has been infected

Welfare Considerations

Acute toxoplasmosis in cats causes real suffering including fever, respiratory distress, and neurological symptoms. Immunosuppressed cats (e.g., those with FIV or on corticosteroids) are at highest risk of severe disease. Good prevention through keeping cats indoors, avoiding raw meat feeding, and regular litter tray hygiene protects both cat and human welfare.

What You Can Do

Take your cat to the vet promptly if they show signs of toxoplasmosis (fever, lethargy, eye problems)
Reduce hunting opportunities by keeping cats indoors, especially at night
Feed only commercially prepared food, never raw meat
Clean litter trays daily and wear gloves when doing so
Wash hands thoroughly after handling cat faeces or soil
Inform your vet of any changes in behaviour that could indicate neurological symptoms