Lymphoma in Cats: Welfare and Care Guide
Types of Feline Lymphoma
Feline lymphoma is classified by anatomical location and grade. Alimentary (intestinal) lymphoma, particularly small cell/low grade, is most common in older cats. Mediastinal lymphoma affects young cats and is often FeLV-associated. Multicentric lymphoma involves multiple lymph nodes. Renal, nasal, and CNS forms also occur. Each type has different welfare implications and prognosis.
Diagnosis and Staging
Diagnosis requires ultrasound, cytology or biopsy, and blood testing. Fine needle aspirates of enlarged lymph nodes or intestinal wall thickening are minimally invasive first-line tests. Histopathology provides definitive diagnosis and grade. Staging (assessing disease extent) guides prognosis and treatment decisions. Early diagnosis before severe illness improves welfare outcomes.
Treatment Options
Low-grade alimentary lymphoma responds well to chlorambucil and prednisolone, with median survival over two years. High-grade lymphoma is treated with multi-drug chemotherapy (COP or CHOP protocols); remission rates are reasonable but median survival is typically months. Treatment decisions should balance quality of life, side effects, financial considerations, and individual cat circumstances.
Welfare During Treatment
Chemotherapy in cats is generally well tolerated. Common side effects include nausea, reduced appetite, and occasional neutropenia. Veterinary teams should monitor weight, body condition, appetite, and energy levels at each visit. Corticosteroids improve appetite and reduce inflammation. Supportive care including anti-nausea medication and appetite stimulants maintains welfare during treatment.
Palliative Care and End of Life
When treatment is no longer beneficial or desired, palliative care focuses on maintaining comfort: corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, pain management, nutritional support, and a calm home environment. Regular quality of life assessments help owners and vets recognise when the burden of disease outweighs remaining quality of life, guiding timely and compassionate euthanasia decisions.