Polycystic Kidney Disease in Cats: Welfare Guide

Key Welfare Considerations

• PKD is caused by a dominant mutation in the PKD1 gene, meaning one affected parent transmits the condition.
• Cysts develop in utero and progressively enlarge, replacing functional kidney tissue over years.
• Clinical signs typically emerge at 3-10 years of age as cysts cause significant renal impairment.
• DNA testing enables identification of carriers, allowing responsible breeders to eliminate PKD from bloodlines.
• The GCCF and TICA now require PKD-negative status for registration of Persian breed cats.
• Welfare impacts include chronic nausea, reduced appetite, lethargy, and progressive renal failure symptoms.
• Polydipsia and polyuria are often early presenting signs as renal concentrating ability declines.
• Abdominal ultrasound is the gold standard for cyst identification in breeding programmes.
• Management mirrors general CKD care: phosphate restriction, renal diet, hydration support, and anti-nausea medication.
• Blood pressure management with amlodipine is important as hypertension accelerates renal damage.
• Subcutaneous fluid therapy improves welfare and quality of life in cats with advanced PKD-related CKD.
• PKD has been substantially reduced in Persian populations through mandatory DNA testing programmes.
• Affected cats can maintain good quality of life with appropriate management for several years.
• Genetic counselling for Persian breeders is essential to continue reducing PKD prevalence.
• Welfare monitoring through regular biochemistry and blood pressure checks is fundamental to PKD management.