Cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) affects an estimated 50-68% of dogs over 15 years old, causing confusion, anxiety, and disrupted sleep that significantly compromise quality of life in elderly companion animals.
Dogs with advanced CDS experience profound confusion — becoming trapped in corners, failing to recognise owners, and vocalising through the night. Disrupted sleep-wake cycles affect both dog and owner welfare. Anxiety is a common concurrent feature, with affected dogs showing persistent restlessness and apparent distress. CDS is underdiagnosed because signs are attributed to 'normal aging' — the disease is treatable and manageable, making missed diagnosis a preventable welfare failure. End-of-life decisions in CDS require quality-of-life assessment that distinguishes physical from cognitive suffering.