Cushing Syndrome in Dogs: Welfare and Management

Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing syndrome) is a common hormonal disorder in older dogs causing significant welfare impacts from both the disease and its treatment.

Key Facts

Affects approximately 1-2 per thousand dogs annually — more common in older dogs
85-90% caused by pituitary tumour (PDH); 10-15% by adrenal tumour
Classic signs: pot-bellied appearance, polydipsia, polyuria, muscle weakness
Mitotane and trilostane are the main medical treatments — both require careful monitoring
Prognosis generally good with appropriate management, though lifelong treatment needed

Welfare Considerations

Dogs with unmanaged Cushing syndrome suffer from progressive weakness, skin fragility, recurrent infections and poor coat condition. Quality of life can be significantly impaired. Treatment with trilostane or mitotane improves welfare substantially but carries risk of adrenal crisis if overdosed. Regular monitoring is essential. Owners may misattribute early signs to normal aging, delaying diagnosis. Clear communication about what constitutes adequate quality of life is important.

What You Can Do

Learn early signs of Cushing syndrome in middle-aged to older dogs
Seek veterinary assessment if signs are present — early treatment improves outcomes
Ensure regular monitoring after starting medication — adrenal crisis is preventable
Discuss quality of life expectations and management goals with your veterinarian
Support research into safe, effective treatment protocols for canine Cushing syndrome