Poisoning is a common welfare emergency in dogs caused by ingestion of toxic substances including foods, plants, medications, and household chemicals.
Poisoning causes acute suffering that ranges from gastrointestinal distress to life-threatening neurological, hepatic, or renal failure depending on the toxin. The welfare impact of poisoning is compounded when owners delay seeking treatment due to uncertainty about toxicity. Decontamination through induced vomiting is most effective within two hours of ingestion and should be performed by a vet rather than at home with hydrogen peroxide. Activated charcoal reduces absorption of many toxins when given promptly. Specific antidotes exist for some toxins including ethylene glycol and paracetamol. Owner education about common household toxins prevents exposures. Access to toxicological advice through services such as the Animal Poison Line enables appropriate triage and treatment decisions.