Puppy farms producing dogs in poor welfare conditions continue to operate despite legislation, with consumer purchasing decisions being the most effective lever for change.
Puppy farm breeding dogs are kept in chronic poor welfare: inadequate space, limited veterinary care, repeated breeding cycles, minimal socialisation and early separation from mothers. Puppies bred in these conditions suffer inadequate socialisation, increasing risk of behavioural problems and anxiety throughout life. Consumer demand for specific breeds at low prices sustains the puppy farm industry despite legislation. Seeing the mother and birthplace before purchase is the most reliable welfare check available to buyers.