Vaccination protects dogs from life-threatening diseases and is a cornerstone of preventive welfare, but evidence-based protocols and titre testing allow individualised approaches.
Vaccination prevents diseases that cause extreme suffering including parvovirus, distemper, and leptospirosis. Core vaccination is a welfare imperative. Evidence-based approaches using titre testing for core vaccines can reduce unnecessary injection while maintaining protection. Non-core vaccines should be risk-assessed based on individual dog lifestyle and exposure.