Emergency: Heatstroke in dogs is a life-threatening emergency. If you suspect heatstroke: move to shade, apply cool (not cold) water to the body, and get to a vet immediately. Do not delay seeking veterinary care.
Why Dogs Are Vulnerable
Dogs regulate body temperature primarily through panting — an inefficient mechanism at high ambient temperatures. Unlike humans, they do not sweat significantly through skin. In hot, humid conditions, or when exercise or excitement generates excess body heat, dogs can rapidly develop dangerous hyperthermia. Flat-faced (brachycephalic) breeds — French Bulldogs, Pugs, Bulldogs — are at extremely high risk due to reduced airway patency impairing panting effectiveness.
Prevention
Never leave dogs in cars: Even on mild days, car temperatures can exceed 40°C within minutes — proven to be fatal. This is the most common preventable cause of dog heatstroke.
Exercise only in the coolest parts of the day: early morning or after sunset in hot weather
The "five-second pavement test": if you cannot hold the back of your hand on the pavement for 5 seconds, it is too hot for paw pads
Provide constant access to fresh water and shade
Avoid vigorous exercise in temperatures above 20°C, especially with brachycephalic or overweight dogs
Never muzzle dogs in hot weather — they cannot pant effectively
Recognition
Early signs: excessive panting, drooling, reddening of gums, lethargy. Progressing to: weakness, disorientation, vomiting, diarrhoea, collapse. Advanced: seizures, unconsciousness. Core temperature above 41°C constitutes heatstroke requiring immediate emergency treatment.
First Aid
Move to shade or a cool area immediately
Apply cool (not ice-cold) water to the body, particularly groin, armpits, and paw pads
Allow the dog to drink small amounts of cool water if conscious
Fan to increase evaporative cooling
Transport to vet immediately — active cooling in the car if possible