Companion Animals

Stereotypic Behaviours and Welfare in Horses

Stereotypic behaviours in horses including crib-biting, weaving and box-walking indicate compromised welfare and their prevention through appropriate management is a key goal.

Key Facts

Stereotypies occur in approximately 10-15% of stabled horses
Crib-biting, weaving, box-walking and wind-sucking are the most common forms
Stereotypies are acquired from inadequate management and are irreversible once established
They develop in response to stress, frustration and insufficient forage or social contact
Preventing stereotypies is far more effective than attempting to treat them

Welfare Considerations

Stereotypic behaviours are significant welfare red flags indicating that horses are experiencing ongoing or past management failures. Crib-biting damages teeth and may exacerbate colic risk. Weaving and box-walking indicate frustration and distress. Once established, stereotypies persist even if management improves. Prevention through appropriate forage provision, social contact, turnout and mental stimulation is the welfare priority.

What You Can Do

Provide unlimited forage through hay or pasture access to reduce stereotypy risk
Ensure horses have social contact with other horses rather than isolation
Maximise turnout time and reduce box confinement where possible
Provide enrichment including slow feeders and appropriate companionship
Consult equine behaviourists if a horse develops stereotypic behaviours