Facial Eczema Welfare Management in New Zealand Cattle and Sheep

Facial eczema, caused by the fungal toxin sporidesmin, causes severe photosensitisation and liver damage in New Zealand livestock, representing one of the country's most significant animal welfare challenges.

Key Facts

Facial eczema is caused by sporidesmin toxin produced by Pithomyces chartarum fungus on pasture
The condition causes bile duct blockage leading to photosensitisation and liver failure
Exposed skin becomes red, swollen, and ulcerated with intense inflammation
Economic and welfare losses are greatest in warm, humid years with rapid grass growth
Zinc supplementation during high-risk periods significantly reduces sporidesmin absorption

Welfare Considerations

Facial eczema causes intense suffering through severe skin inflammation in sun-exposed areas combined with progressive liver failure. Photosensitised animals experience extreme discomfort in sunlight and seek shade constantly, with welfare further compromised by thirst and inability to eat normally due to facial swelling. Severe cases develop permanent liver damage affecting long-term welfare and productivity. Prevention through zinc supplementation, pasture monitoring using spore counts, and providing shade and shelter during high-risk periods is far more effective and welfare-positive than treating established cases.

What You Can Do

Monitor pasture spore counts during facial eczema risk periods in New Zealand summers
Implement zinc supplementation programmes before risk periods begin rather than reactively
Provide shade and housing access during high-risk periods to allow affected animals to avoid sunlight
Select livestock breeds with known tolerance to facial eczema where available
Work with a vet to develop a farm-specific facial eczema risk management and treatment protocol