Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea: Welfare and Prevention 2026

Neonatal calf diarrhoea (scours) is the leading cause of calf mortality on UK farms and represents a major welfare challenge in cattle production.

Key Facts

Neonatal diarrhoea kills more calves than any other condition in the first month of life
It is caused by a combination of pathogens including E. coli, rotavirus, coronavirus, and Cryptosporidium
Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, rather than the pathogen itself, cause most deaths
Adequate colostrum intake within 6 hours of birth is the single most effective prevention measure
Oral rehydration therapy is the cornerstone of treatment and can be administered on-farm

Welfare Considerations

Neonatal calf diarrhoea causes intense suffering - affected calves become progressively weak, depressed, and dehydrated, often dying within days if untreated. Early recognition of sick calves requires skilled and attentive stockmanship. The distress caused by severe dehydration, acidosis, and electrolyte imbalances represents one of the most acute welfare challenges in cattle farming. Prevention through colostrum management, clean housing, vaccination, and prompt treatment protocols substantially reduces both mortality and welfare burden.

What You Can Do

Ensure all calves receive adequate colostrum within 6 hours of birth
Implement vaccination programmes for cows against rotavirus and coronavirus
Maintain clean calving pens to reduce pathogen exposure for newborn calves
Train farm staff to recognise early signs of diarrhoea and administer oral rehydration promptly