Evidence-based strategies for preventing infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis and protecting cattle eye welfare.
Pinkeye prevention is preferable to treatment given the significant welfare impacts of established disease. Corneal ulceration causes severe pain — affected cattle shield their eyes, show excessive lacrimation, and become photophobic. Even with treatment, scarring may cause permanent vision impairment. Blind animals cannot navigate their environment normally and are at increased risk of injury and social disadvantage.
Herd-level prevention strategies reduce incidence and welfare burden. Face fly control through pour-on insecticides, insecticide-impregnated ear tags, and fly traps reduces the primary vector. Maintaining pasture height below the animals' eye level reduces mechanical irritation. Vaccination provides partial protection and reduces outbreak severity.
Prompt treatment of any affected animal is essential. A single intramuscular injection of oxytetracycline or florfenicol significantly reduces disease duration and progression. Separating affected animals from bright sunlight and providing shade hastens recovery.