Bovine respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of respiratory disease in young cattle, causing significant pain and distress and heavy economic losses.
BRSV causes acute respiratory distress that is painful and frightening for affected calves. Dyspnoea (difficulty breathing) represents a particularly acute welfare concern, as calves visibly struggle for air during severe episodes. Secondary bacterial pneumonia extends the duration of suffering and increases mortality risk. Early identification of clinical signs, rapid treatment with appropriate anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial therapy, and effective vaccination protocols are essential welfare priorities. Group housing in inadequately ventilated buildings facilitates outbreaks and should be addressed as a structural welfare risk.