Weaning of beef calves from their dams causes acute separation stress for both cow and calf, but management approaches can significantly reduce welfare impacts.
Separation of cows and calves at weaning is one of the most significant acute welfare events in beef production. Calves and cows both vocalise extensively for several days. Elevated cortisol during this period suppresses immune function and increases disease susceptibility. Two-stage and fence-line weaning methods are evidence-based alternatives that maintain some social contact and reduce stress responses. These methods are recommended in higher-welfare standards for beef production.