Cashmere Goat Welfare in Mongolian Pastoral Production Systems

Mongolia is the world's second-largest cashmere producer, but rapid intensification and overgrazing have created significant welfare and environmental challenges for the Mongolian cashmere goat.

Key Facts

Mongolia has over 70 million goats, sheep, and other livestock on shared rangeland
Cashmere goat numbers have tripled since 1990, causing severe grassland degradation
Winter dzud weather events cause mass livestock mortality from cold and starvation
Goat welfare during combing for cashmere collection varies significantly across producers
Market pressure for cheap cashmere drives overstocking beyond rangeland carrying capacity

Welfare Considerations

Mongolian cashmere goats face severe welfare challenges driven by overstocking and climate variability. Winter dzud events, in which ice or deep snow prevents grazing, cause prolonged starvation and death for millions of animals. The frequency and severity of dzud events is increasing with climate change. Market incentives that reward volume over sustainability have driven herd expansion beyond ecological limits, undermining both animal welfare and the pastoral livelihoods that depend on healthy rangelands.

What You Can Do

Choose cashmere products certified under responsible sourcing schemes such as the Good Cashmere Standard
Support organisations working with Mongolian herders on sustainable herd management
Advocate for supply chain transparency from cashmere retailers and brands
Reduce overall consumption of cashmere products where alternatives are available
Engage with fashion brands to adopt procurement policies that include animal welfare standards