Evidence-based resources for animal welfare
Millions of horses and donkeys worldwide work in agriculture and transport. This guide covers welfare assessment and improvement for working equids.
Working horse welfare improvement requires appropriate workload assessment, harness fitting and maintenance, adequate nutrition and water access, regular hoof care, and access to veterinary treatment. Donkeys require particular attention as their stoic nature means welfare compromises are often not recognised. Capacity building with owners and communities on welfare recognition and low-cost interventions is effective. Organisations like the Brooke provide direct support and advocacy.