Livestock

Farrowing Crate-Free Pig Farming: Welfare Implications 2026

Moving away from farrowing crates in pig production raises important welfare questions for both sows and piglets, requiring careful management.

Key Facts

Farrowing crates confine sows for 3-5 weeks around birth and limit natural behaviour
Free farrowing systems allow sows to nest-build and move freely before and after birth
Piglet crushing is the main welfare concern in free farrowing - accounting for 15-20% of losses
Several countries and retailers have committed to phase out farrowing crates by 2030
Well-designed free farrowing systems can reduce crushing rates to near-crate levels

Welfare Considerations

The welfare trade-off in farrowing crate alternatives is significant. While crates severely restrict sow behaviour - preventing nest-building, turning, and social interaction - they do protect piglets from crushing. Successful free farrowing requires careful pen design, with protective zones for piglets, adequate nest material, and skilled stockmanship. Evidence shows that with proper management, free farrowing can achieve good outcomes for both sows and piglets.

What You Can Do

Choose pork from higher-welfare production systems certified by recognised assurance schemes
Support retailers and food service companies that have committed to farrowing crate-free sourcing
Advocate for research funding into improved free farrowing pen design
Encourage farmers considering transition to access support networks and free farrowing advisors