Respiratory Disease in Pigs: PRDC Welfare Management

Porcine respiratory disease complex causes significant welfare harm in growing pigs. Multifactorial management addressing pathogens, environment, and immune status is required.

Key Facts

PRDC involves multiple pathogens including PRRS, Mycoplasma, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Influenza
Clinical signs include coughing, increased respiratory rate, fever, and reduced growth
Environmental factors including poor ventilation, overcrowding, and temperature fluctuation increase PRDC severity
Metaphylaxis — treating high-risk cohorts at entry — reduces welfare burden in known problem herds
Vaccination against multiple PRDC components provides meaningful protection when implemented correctly

The Welfare Burden of Porcine Respiratory Disease

PRDC is the most economically significant disease complex in the swine industry and causes substantial welfare harm through respiratory distress, fever, pain, and chronic debility. Pigs with active PRDC show reduced feed intake, reluctance to move, labored breathing, and depression that clearly indicate significant suffering. The chronic phase — in which lung consolidation reduces respiratory capacity — causes persistent welfare limitation even after acute infection resolves.

PRRS virus is the primary immunosuppressive component of PRDC, predisposing pigs to secondary bacterial pneumonias that compound welfare harm. Controlling PRRS through vaccination, biosecurity, and monitoring programs significantly reduces the PRDC welfare burden in affected herds.

What You Can Do

Ensure adequate ventilation in pig housing — poor air quality is the primary PRDC risk factor
Vaccinate against key PRDC components including PRRS, Mycoplasma, and APP as appropriate
Identify and treat sick pigs within 24 hours of sign onset
Implement PRRS monitoring and control programs including status testing
Reduce stocking density during high-risk post-weaning periods