The welfare case for replacing farrowing crates with alternative systems is strong, and policy reform is accelerating across Europe and the UK.
Confinement in farrowing crates prevents sows from performing motivated nesting behaviour, turning, and normal postural changes. This causes chronic frustration and musculoskeletal problems. The welfare cost is severe and persistent over multiple reproductive cycles. Alternatives can provide both sow welfare and manageable piglet mortality with appropriate design. The transition requires investment in infrastructure and stockperson training. Consumer preference and regulatory pressure are both driving reform.