Indoor pigs are highly susceptible to heat stress because they cannot sweat effectively. Managing thermal environment in intensive housing is essential to prevent significant welfare compromise.
Heat stress is a pervasive welfare problem in indoor pig production during summer months. Pigs experiencing thermal discomfort reduce feed intake, become lethargic, and show physiological signs of chronic stress including elevated cortisol and altered immune function. Heavily pregnant sows suffer most acutely, with elevated temperatures causing placental insufficiency and increased stillbirth rates. Practical interventions include water sprinklers, ventilation upgrades, and providing cool, slatted lying areas that dissipate heat effectively.