Free-range broiler chicken production offers welfare advantages over standard indoor systems, but meaningful access depends on flock health, house design, and range quality.
Genuine free-range welfare depends on birds actually accessing and using outdoor range, not merely having theoretical access via pop holes they never use. Fast-growing standard breeds often lack the mobility or motivation to range effectively. Outdoor range provides expression of natural behaviours including foraging, dust bathing, and exploration that are significant welfare benefits. Without tree cover and shelters, many birds are reluctant to move from the security of the house, limiting welfare gains.