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Listeriosis in Sheep: Recognition and Welfare Management

Listeriosis is a serious bacterial disease of sheep causing brain inflammation and pregnancy losses. This guide covers recognition, welfare, and prevention.

Key Facts

Listeriosis is caused by Listeria monocytogenes bacteria in contaminated feed
The encephalitic (brain) form causes circling, depression, and facial nerve paralysis
Poorly made or damaged silage is a major source of infection
Pregnant ewes may abort or lose lambs to the septicaemic form
Treatment with high doses of penicillin can be effective if started early
Listeria is a zoonosis — human cases can occur from handling infected animals

Welfare Considerations and Management

Early recognition is critical for treatment success in listeriosis. The characteristic circling, head tilt, and facial nerve signs indicate brain involvement. High-dose penicillin treatment for extended periods offers the best prognosis. Welfare management includes nursing care, assisted feeding and water provision, and preventing self-injury during recovery. Prevention centres on good silage fermentation and not feeding damaged or mouldy silage.

What You Can Do

Ensure high-quality silage fermentation to prevent Listeria contamination
Never feed mouldy or damaged silage to livestock
Train farm staff to recognise early signs of listeriosis
Wear gloves when handling sick animals or aborted material