Live export of sheep for slaughter in other countries subjects animals to journeys of many hours or days under conditions that cause significant welfare harm. The UK banned live export for slaughter in 2023.
Long-distance transport involves repeated phases of loading, unloading, and reloading at intermediate lairage. Each phase causes acute stress measurable through cortisol elevation and injury risk. Sheep in unfamiliar groups show increased aggression causing wounds. Water deprivation during long journeys causes physiological stress and dehydration. Temperature regulation is difficult in poorly ventilated vehicles. The cumulative welfare cost of long journeys is well-documented and underpins the movement toward slaughter near the point of production.