Wildlife

Common Nighthawk Welfare: Migration Challenges

The common nighthawk is a long-distance migratory insectivore whose welfare is threatened by insect population declines, light pollution and habitat loss across its Americas range.

Key Facts

Common nighthawks migrate from North America to South America covering over 5,000 km each way
They feed aerially on large flying insects including moths, beetles and flying ants
Urban populations have adapted to nest on flat gravel rooftops, but roof replacement with other materials reduces availability
Populations have declined significantly with estimated losses of over 60% since the 1970s

Welfare Considerations

Declining insect populations from agricultural intensification and pesticide use reduce food availability during migration and on breeding grounds. Light pollution from urban areas disrupts orientation during nocturnal migration. Rooftop habitat loss from reflective or white membrane roofing reduces urban breeding sites. Mortality from communications tower collisions during migration is an additional concern.

What You Can Do

Reduce or shield outdoor lighting that may disorient migrating nighthawks
Support policies to maintain gravel rooftop habitat availability in urban areas
Advocate for insect-friendly farming practices across the Americas
Record and submit nighthawk sightings to citizen science monitoring projects