The UK hosts 18 resident bat species (with a 19th occasional visitor), ranging in size from the 3g common pipistrelle to the 40g+ greater horseshoe bat. All are insectivorous aerial hunters that echolocate to navigate and find prey. All UK bats are protected under the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 and Conservation Regulations 2017.
Three species: common pipistrelle (45 kHz), soprano pipistrelle (55 kHz), and Nathusius' pipistrelle (migratory). UK's most abundant and widespread bats. Roost in buildings; often in roof spaces, soffits, and behind cladding. Key welfare threats: building renovation, roost disturbance, cat predation, light pollution at roost entrances.
Greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) and lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros). Among UK's most endangered bats, confined to south and west England and Wales. Complex echolocation system; wrap wings around body when roosting. Key welfare needs: intact woodland/hedgerow connectivity for foraging; undisturbed cave and mine roosts for hibernation; traditional farm buildings for maternity colonies.
Eight UK species including Daubenton's bat (over water), Natterer's bat (woodland), and Bechstein's bat (ancient woodland specialist). Diverse habitat requirements; many use tree roosts, caves, and mines. Bechstein's bat is a priority species of ancient woodland — its welfare is tied to the fate of old-growth trees.
UK's largest bats. Noctules (Nyctalus noctula) roost in tree holes and bat boxes; fly high and fast, taking large moths. Serotine (Eptesicus serotinus) roosts under roof tiles and in church towers; associated with parkland and woodland edge habitats.
Brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus) and grey long-eared bat (P. austriacus, very rare). Slow, manoeuvrable fliers that glean prey from vegetation surfaces. Roost in roof spaces of old buildings; very sensitive to roost disturbance. Long ears are fragile — inappropriate handling causes injury.