Common Seal Welfare on UK Coasts

Common seals are native UK marine mammals facing threats from human disturbance, entanglement, disease, and pup abandonment, requiring careful management of human access to haul-out sites.

Key Facts

The UK holds approximately 30% of the world population of common seals
Common seals pup in June-July, with pups susceptible to abandonment if mothers are disturbed
Phocine distemper virus outbreaks have caused significant population mortality in the past
Entanglement in fishing gear is a significant source of injury and mortality
Common seals are protected under the Conservation of Seals Act 1970 in the UK

Welfare Considerations

Common seals hauled out on beaches are often approached by members of the public who mistakenly believe the animal is in distress. Disturbance of hauled-out seals, particularly nursing mothers, causes flight responses that can lead to pup abandonment and increased energy expenditure in cold water. Boat and kayak harassment of haul-out groups causes chronic stress. A minimum approach distance of 100 metres protects individual welfare. Entangled seals require specialist rescue and rehabilitation.

What You Can Do

Maintain a minimum 100-metre distance from hauled-out seals, whether on foot or by boat
Never approach or attempt to 'rescue' a seal pup that appears to be alone
Report entangled or injured seals to the SSPCA, BDMLR, or local wildlife rescue
Support campaigns for responsible wildlife watching guidelines at seal haul-out sites