Knots are medium-sized waders that winter on UK estuaries in large flocks, with their welfare entirely dependent on the productivity of intertidal mudflats.
Knots are specialist feeders that cannot easily switch prey when intertidal habitats are degraded or disturbed. Disturbance from recreation, power kite activities and dogs causes flock displacement, wasted energy and reduced feeding time — a significant welfare cost during short winter daylight hours. Habitat loss through coastal development directly reduces food availability. Protecting key estuaries from disturbance and development is essential for knot welfare.