Osprey welfare threats include power line electrocution and collision (mitigation through insulators and diverters on high-risk structures), nest disturbance by humans at breeding sites, lead poisoning from ingested fish with lead sinkers, and entanglement in monofilament fishing line. Conservation success has been driven by nest monitoring and protection, satellite tracking enabling conservation management, and public engagement through nest cameras. Reintroduction programmes to southern England and Wales expand the range.