Red-throated divers breed on remote Scottish lochs with welfare challenges from disturbance, lead poisoning from fishing gear, and habitat management.
Red-throated diver welfare at breeding lochs depends on minimal disturbance during the long incubation period. Breeding pairs flushed repeatedly from nests abandon eggs. Remote nesting sites provide some protection but recreational activity in upland areas is increasing. Lead poisoning from ingested fishing weights causes neurological symptoms and slow death. RSPB nest protection through site monitoring and voluntary distancing guidelines has improved breeding success at managed sites. Lead-free fishing requirements would eliminate one of the most documented welfare causes.