Wigeon are migratory ducks that winter in large flocks on UK estuaries and coastal wetlands. Disturbance and loss of saltmarsh grassland threaten their welfare.
Wigeon welfare in wintering flocks is primarily threatened by disturbance preventing adequate feeding. Repeated flushing of flocks by walkers, dogs, and low-flying aircraft depletes energy reserves during energetically demanding cold periods. Loss of saltmarsh eel-grass beds through coastal erosion and development removes key feeding habitat. Maintaining disturbance-free refuges and protecting saltmarsh habitats are the most important welfare interventions.